كل الطرق تؤدي إلى موسكو

افتتاحية «الشرق الأوسط»

كل الطرق تؤدي إلى موسكو
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كل الطرق تؤدي إلى موسكو

كل الطرق تؤدي إلى موسكو

هل بدأت روسيا رحلة العودة نحو موقع القوة العظمى النافذة في منطقة الشرق الأوسط؟
لأول وهلة يظهر أن الإجابة لا بد أن تكون بالإيجاب. ذلك أنها تمنع تغيير النظام السوري، وترسخ حضورها بوصفها شريكا في موارد النفط العراقية، وتعمل على حماية إيران من مزيد من العقوبات الدولية المقررة بسبب برنامجها النووي.

وفيما يشكل نوعا من الانتهازية عبر التاريخ، تأمل روسيا بملء الفراغ الذي خلفه قرار الرئيس الأميركي باراك أوباما بقيادة الولايات المتحدة نحو ما يعد انسحابا استراتيجيا.

قبل خمس سنوات بدت روسيا دولة معزولة يحاصرها خصوم فعليون ومفترضون؛ في أوروبا أبقيت خارج أسرة الاتحاد الأوروبي المتوسع إطاره شرقا حتى بلغ الحدود الروسية. وفي آسيا والوسطى والقوقاز تمكن الحضور السياسي والاقتصادي الأميركي من حصر قدرات موسكو والحد من نفوذها. وفي نصف الكرة الأرضية الشمالي كان على موسكو التعايش الاضطراري مع تنامي ذلك العملاق المعروف باسم حلف شمال الأطلسي (ناتو)، منذ انتهاء الحرب الباردة.

ولكن مع تبني أوباما سياسة خارجية «دفاعية» تغير الوضع تدريجيا وأخذت الكفة تميل لمصلحة روسيا، إذ توقفت مساعي توسيع إطار «ناتو» مع تجميد مفاوضات عضوية كل من آذربيجان وجورجيا. كذلك توقف تمدد الاتحاد الأوروبي شرقا، لأسباب منها الأزمة الاقتصادية العالمية، وبالتالي، وضعت مفاوضات عضوية كل من أوكرانيا ومولدوفا وصربيا ومقدونيا وألبانيا في ذيل قائمة الأولويات.

وهكذا، استعاض أوباما عن سياسة جورج بوش الابن، القائمة على مفهوم «الضربات الاستباقية» والمستندة إلى «ائتلاف الراغبين» في المناصرة، بسياسة «التحالفات العريضة» في ظل الأمم المتحدة. وهذا الواقع أعطى روسيا، بطبيعة الحال، دورا مؤثرا وكبيرا في تقرير السياسة الخارجية الأميركية بفضل تمتعها - أي روسيا - بحق النقض (الفيتو) في مجلس الأمن الدولي. وبناء عليه، ما عاد بالمستطاع تفعيل «التحالفات العريضة» من دون موافقة قادة موسكو ورضاهم. وفي الوقت ذاته، احتفظت روسيا بكامل حقها في التصرف خارج قيود «التحالفات العريضة»، وهو ما تجسد في غزوها أراضي جورجيا وضمها أوسيتيا الجنوبية وأبخازيا.

في عالم السياسة الدولية يمكن ممارسة النفوذ إما بواسطة الفرض المباشر أو منع الآخرين من ممارسته. وها هو الرئيس الروسي فلاديمير بوتين يمارس الشق الثاني عبر دبلوماسية الرفض «نييت» («لا» باللغة الروسية) التي تستحضر من الماضي أيام آندريه غروميكو «أبو الدبلوماسية السوفياتي».

اليوم جميع الطرق تؤدي إلى موسكو، ولا سيما في الشأن السوري.

لقد كانت العاصمة الروسية الوجهة الخارجية الأولى للرئيس الصيني الجديد شي جينبينغ. كذلك شد الرحال إليها كل من الرئيس الفرنسي فرنسوا هولاند والمستشارة الألمانية أنجيلا ميركل ووزير الخارجية الأميركي جون كيري، وأخيرا رئيس الوزراء البريطاني ديفيد كاميرون يوم الجمعة الماضي.

بوتين يسعى إلى حرب باردة جديدة، ولكن مع تذكر أن روسيا خسرت الحرب الباردة الأصلية، لا توجد ضمانات أنها ستربح الحرب الجديدة.



UN Peacekeeping Chief Says Talks on Future of Lebanon Mission Must Begin Soon

 United Nations Under-Secretary-General for Peace Operations Jean-Pierre Lacroix in Beirut, speaks during an interview with The Associated Press, in Beirut, Wednesday, Oct. 14, 2026. (AP)
United Nations Under-Secretary-General for Peace Operations Jean-Pierre Lacroix in Beirut, speaks during an interview with The Associated Press, in Beirut, Wednesday, Oct. 14, 2026. (AP)
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UN Peacekeeping Chief Says Talks on Future of Lebanon Mission Must Begin Soon

 United Nations Under-Secretary-General for Peace Operations Jean-Pierre Lacroix in Beirut, speaks during an interview with The Associated Press, in Beirut, Wednesday, Oct. 14, 2026. (AP)
United Nations Under-Secretary-General for Peace Operations Jean-Pierre Lacroix in Beirut, speaks during an interview with The Associated Press, in Beirut, Wednesday, Oct. 14, 2026. (AP)

UN peacekeeping chief Jean-Pierre Lacroix on Wednesday urged the UN Security Council to begin negotiations on the future of peacekeepers deployed in Lebanon, as Beirut campaigns for an extension to the mandate set to expire at the end of this year.

The UN Interim Force in Lebanon (UNIFIL) has been deployed in southern Lebanon since 1978, but the Security Council last year ordered the mission to begin withdrawing at the end of 2026.

Since a new war erupted in March between Israel and Iran-backed Lebanese armed group Hezbollah, ‌the Lebanese government has ‌campaigned for an extension to UNIFIL's mandate, citing its ‌role ⁠in monitoring hostilities ⁠and facilitating aid deliveries to villages in Israeli-occupied zones.

UN Secretary-General Antonio Guterres earlier this year presented proposals for a continued uniformed UN presence in Lebanon, but no action has been taken yet, Lacroix told Reuters in Beirut.

"These proposals are on the table of the Security Council. There has been no movement in the Security Council until now, but I believe that the negotiations will begin ... shortly, in earnest," he said.

"I think ⁠it would be better to have a decision soon ‌rather than later, right? Because that would clarify ‌also the horizon for us, certainly from the more limited point of view of our ‌own planning," he said.

FORCES OPERATE HOTLINE TO EASE TENSIONS

Diplomats say the US ‌is not supportive of an extended mandate for UNIFIL, but Lacroix said it was important to focus on Lebanon’s request and that negotiations at the Security Council could yield a constructive outcome.

Some 7,500 UNIFIL peacekeepers are still deployed at about 50 positions in southern Lebanon, which ‌would be expected to be handed over to Lebanese army troops if no new UN force is agreed.

But since most ⁠of those ⁠posts lie in territory now occupied by the Israeli military, it remains unclear how Lebanese soldiers could deploy to take over the positions.

Lacroix said that clarity on whether a new UN force would deploy to southern Lebanon would help UNIFIL make sure it does not "leave those positions prematurely before we know what could come next".

In addition to facilitating aid deliveries and monitoring hostilities, the force operates a hotline to ease any tensions between the Lebanese and Israeli militaries.

Lacroix said the deconfliction role was particularly crucial given the presence of Israeli troops in a self-declared security zone deep in Lebanese territory.

He said that Israeli and Lebanese troops in the same geographic area presented "the risk of escalation, the risk of incidents getting out of control" and that "there is a need for a third party to de-escalate".


Israel Army Chief Says Reinforcing Troops on All Fronts

Israeli army chief Lieutenant General Eyal Zamir. (Reuters file)
Israeli army chief Lieutenant General Eyal Zamir. (Reuters file)
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Israel Army Chief Says Reinforcing Troops on All Fronts

Israeli army chief Lieutenant General Eyal Zamir. (Reuters file)
Israeli army chief Lieutenant General Eyal Zamir. (Reuters file)

Israel's army chief said on Wednesday that the military was reinforcing troop levels "across all fronts", citing an increased risk of escalation as the country heads into elections this later month.

On a visit to the occupied West Bank, Lieutenant General Eyal Zamir said the potential for incidents on Israel's borders had grown because of the election period, with Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu facing a tight race to stay in power in the October 27 poll.

"In light of the increased number of alerts across all fronts and the sensitivity of this period, the potential for escalation has grown," he said, according to an Israeli military statement.

"We have reinforced our forces across all areas."

He added that the military had raised its level of readiness as it prepares "for scenarios in which attempts may be made to catch us by surprise".

Israel recently marked the third anniversary of Hamas's surprise October 7 attack, in which the group's fighters stormed into Israel with pickup trucks and paragliders and opened fire at sites including a music festival.

Citing the need for "vigilance", Zamir said the military was "at a high level of readiness to launch extensive offensive operations against anyone who attempts to harm Israeli civilians".

In Gaza, a year after a US-brokered ceasefire agreement between Israel and Hamas took effect, the Israeli army now controls more than 60 percent of the devastated Palestinian territory and its strikes are ongoing.

In Lebanon, violence has decreased in the south since a framework agreement between the government and Israel, which includes the disarmament of Hezbollah. But the implementation of that deal has stalled.

Israel has also faced incoming fire from Iran during the Middle East war, which began in February with US-Israeli strikes on the country.


Gaza Officials Say Israeli Strikes Kill Four

 Palestinians walk along a street lined with buildings destroyed during the Israel-Hamas war in Gaza City Wednesday, Oct. 14, 2026. (AP)
Palestinians walk along a street lined with buildings destroyed during the Israel-Hamas war in Gaza City Wednesday, Oct. 14, 2026. (AP)
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Gaza Officials Say Israeli Strikes Kill Four

 Palestinians walk along a street lined with buildings destroyed during the Israel-Hamas war in Gaza City Wednesday, Oct. 14, 2026. (AP)
Palestinians walk along a street lined with buildings destroyed during the Israel-Hamas war in Gaza City Wednesday, Oct. 14, 2026. (AP)

Palestinian officials said Israeli strikes killed four people in Gaza on Wednesday, days after the anniversary of the declaration of a US-mediated ceasefire.

Two young men died when Israeli forces struck a vehicle near Khan Yunis in the southern Gaza Strip, civil defense spokesman Mahmoud Bassal and Nasser Hospital said.

Two other people, including a woman, were killed when an Israeli aircraft struck an apartment building in Gaza City, according to Bassal and Al-Shifa hospital.

The Israeli military did not immediately give details on the strikes. Earlier Wednesday, it said it had killed more than 100 "terrorists" over the past four months in an operation in the north of the Gaza Strip.

The military said it also destroyed around eight kilometers (five miles) of tunnels used by fighters.

Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu, who faces a tight reelection battle this month, has vowed no let-up in targeting Hamas despite the ceasefire that went into effect on October 10, 2025, leading Hamas to free its remaining living hostages.

Hamas stormed into Israel on October 7, 2023, the deadliest day ever for the country. The attack resulted in the deaths of 1,221 people, according to an AFP tally from official Israeli figures, with fighters also dragging 251 hostages into Gaza, 44 of them already dead.

Israel's massive offensive in Gaza has since killed more than 74,300 people, according to the territory's health ministry, which operates under Hamas and whose figures are generally considered reliable by the United Nations.