علماء بريطانيون يحاولون فك لغز رأس مومياء مصرية

عُثر عليها في منزل بمقاطعة «كنت»

فحص رأس المومياء المصرية باستخدام الأشعة المقطعية  (مستشفى ميدستون البريطاني)
فحص رأس المومياء المصرية باستخدام الأشعة المقطعية (مستشفى ميدستون البريطاني)
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علماء بريطانيون يحاولون فك لغز رأس مومياء مصرية

فحص رأس المومياء المصرية باستخدام الأشعة المقطعية  (مستشفى ميدستون البريطاني)
فحص رأس المومياء المصرية باستخدام الأشعة المقطعية (مستشفى ميدستون البريطاني)

يحاول علماء بريطانيون حالياً فك لغز «رأس مومياء» مصرية قديمة عُثر عليها في أحد المنازل بمقاطعة كنت البريطانية، يرجح أنها لـ«سيدة»، ويعود تاريخها إلى نحو 2000 عام، حيث بدأت مستشفى «ميدستون» البريطانية إجراء فحوصات على الرأس الأثرية بواسطة الأشعة المقطعية، للكشف عن تاريخها، وأصولها.
ولا يعرف مصدر الرأس الأثرية حتى الآن، لكن من المرجح أنها وصلت إلى بريطانيا في القرن التاسع عشر، كهدية تذكارية، قبل أن تنقل لصاحبها الحالي في القرن العشرين، الذي أهداها في علبة زجاجية لتنضم إلى العرض المتحفي في متحف كانتربري، حسب بيان صحافي أصدره المستشفى، وتداولته الصحف البريطانية.
وأشارت صحف بريطانية إلى أن «الرأس الأثري اكتشف محفوظاً في علبة زجاجية داخل قبو، أثناء عملية جرد لمنزل رجل متوفى، في منطقة رامسجيت بمقاطعة كنت البريطانية، وورثها شقيق الرجل المتوفى الذي نقلها بدوره إلى متحف كانتربري».
وهنا يشير الدكتور بسام الشماع، أستاذ علم المصريات، إلى أنه «كان من المعتاد خلال القرن التاسع عشر خروج قطع أثرية مصرية في صورة هدايا تذكارية»، ويقول لـ«الشرق الأوسط»: «في تلك الفترة انتشرت مقولة لا تترك مصر دون ورقة بردي أو قطعة أثرية»، موضحاً أن «وجود الرأس مقطوعة بهذا الشكل ربما عائد لعامل الزمن، أو أنها قطعت خصيصاً لتقدم هدية تذكارية».
وترجح الفحوصات الأولية التي أجريت على رأس المومياء الأثرية بالأشعة السينية، في جامعة «كانتربري كريست تشيرش»، أن «الرأس يعود لأنثى بالغة»، وتُجرى حالياً فحوصات أخرى بالأشعة المقطعية لمعرفة تفاصيل أكثر عنه، وتشير النتائج الأولية للفحص إلى أن «المخ أُزيل من الرأس، إضافة إلى أن الأسنان بدت منحوتة، بسبب اتباع نظام غذائي قاسٍ، ويظهر اللسان علامات حفظ جيدة» حسب البيان.
وقال جيمس إليوت، كبير اختصاصي الأشعة في مستشفى «ميدستون»، والأستاذ في جامعة «كانتربري»، في البيان الصحافي، إن «الفحص سيوفر قدراً هائلاً من المعلومات عن حالة صاحبة الرأس، بدءاً من حالة الأسنان، والأمراض التي عانت منها، وطريقة الحفظ، إضافة إلى المساعدة في تقدير عمر صاحبة الرأس»، مشيراً إلى أنه «من المقرر استخدام بيانات المسح في إنشاء نسخة طبق الأصل ثلاثية الأبعاد للرأس، ومحاولة إعادة بناء الوجه للسماح بدراسة أكثر عمقاً».
ويضيف إليوت، الذي له دراية في علم الآثار، أن «التحنيط كان ممارسة شائعة في مصر القديمة، ومن خلال التكنولوجيا الحديثة يمكننا معرفة المزيد عن التقاليد المصرية في هذا المجال»، مشيراً إلى أنه «منذ عام 3500 قبل الميلاد، اعتبر التحنيط وسيلة للحفاظ على الروح في رحلتها للعالم الآخر، وكان المصريون يعتقدون أن عقل الشخص محتجز في القلب، لذلك لم تكن هناك أهمية للمخ الذي كان يُزال للمساعدة في الحفظ والتحنيط».
بدوره يوضح الشماع أن «إزالة المخ تدل على أن صاحبة المومياء كانت ثرية، فهذه العملية كانت إحدى العمليات الدقيقة التي تتم في التحنيط للحفاظ على المومياء»، لافتاً إلى أن «أكثر ما لفت انتباهه هو تحنيط اللسان ليبدو بحالة جيدة من الحفظ وفقاً لما ذكره العلماء البريطانيون، وهو أمر يحتاج إلى دراسة».
ويستعد متحف «كانتربري» لعرض الرأس للجمهور، حسب كريغ بوين، مدير مجموعات العرض في المتحف، الذي قال في البيان الصحافي: إن «إجراء الفحوصات بالأشعة المقطعية على رأس المومياء، هو جزء من مشروع للحفاظ عليه، تمهيداً لعرضه للجمهور العام».



Trump, Tahran konusunda seçeneklerini açık tutuyor

 USS Boxer amfibi hücum gemisi bölgedeki operasyonları sırasında görülüyor. (CENTCOM)
 USS Boxer amfibi hücum gemisi bölgedeki operasyonları sırasında görülüyor. (CENTCOM)
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Trump, Tahran konusunda seçeneklerini açık tutuyor

 USS Boxer amfibi hücum gemisi bölgedeki operasyonları sırasında görülüyor. (CENTCOM)
 USS Boxer amfibi hücum gemisi bölgedeki operasyonları sırasında görülüyor. (CENTCOM)

ABD Başkanı Donald Trump, Tahran’a yönelik gerilimi artırma seçeneklerini açık tutarken, ABD güçlerinin İran’a “istediğimiz zaman” yeni saldırılar düzenlemeye hazır olduğunu söyledi. Bu açıklama, haftalardır süren çatışmaların en şiddetli hava saldırısı dalgasının ardından bölgede dün ihtiyatlı bir sakinliğin hâkim olduğu zamanda yapıldı.

İran, bu hafta hayatını kaybeden askerlerin sayısını en az 13 olarak açıkladı. Ölenler arasında düzenli ordudan 3’ü pilot, 6 asker bulunuyor. Ayrıca Devrim Muhafızları’nın füze birliğinden 4 asker, Besic güçlerinden 3 kişi hayatını kaybetti.

İran medyası, 6 askerin salı günü ülkenin güneyinde düzenlenen saldırılarda öldürüldüğünü, Besic mensuplarının ise Lavan Adası’nda hayatını kaybettiğini bildirdi. Devrim Muhafızları da ülkenin batısında 4 mensubunun öldürüldüğünü açıkladı.

Washington, saldırıların Hürmüz Boğazı yakınlarında Devrim Muhafızları ile bağlantılı askeri tesisler ile füze ve deniz gücünü hedef aldığını belirtti.

İranlı yüzlerce kişi dün yetkililerin Kohestek’te bir düğün töreninin yapıldığı bölgeye düzenlenen saldırıda öldürüldüğünü açıkladığı 4 kişinin cenazesine katıldı. Ölenler arasında 4 yaşında bir çocuk da bulunuyordu. Devrim Muhafızları Komutanı Ahmed Vahidi, misilleme tehdidini yineleyerek Kohestek’te hayatını kaybedenlerin kanının “yerde kalmayacağını” söyledi.

Şarku’l Avsat’ın Wall Street Journal’dan aktardığı habere göre Pentagon, bazı ABD birliklerinin bölgedeki konuşlandırılma süresini 2027’ye kadar uzattı. Bölgede yaklaşık 50 bin Amerikan askeri ile 19 savaş gemisinin tutulması planlanıyor.


Russia Shifts Tactics with Round-the-clock Attacks on Kyiv, Disrupting Daily Life

A resident Nataliia and her daughter Elia, 6, sit at a site of an apartment building damaged by a Russian missile strike, amid Russia's attack on Ukraine, in the town of Borispil, Ukraine September 1, 2026. REUTERS/Stringer
A resident Nataliia and her daughter Elia, 6, sit at a site of an apartment building damaged by a Russian missile strike, amid Russia's attack on Ukraine, in the town of Borispil, Ukraine September 1, 2026. REUTERS/Stringer
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Russia Shifts Tactics with Round-the-clock Attacks on Kyiv, Disrupting Daily Life

A resident Nataliia and her daughter Elia, 6, sit at a site of an apartment building damaged by a Russian missile strike, amid Russia's attack on Ukraine, in the town of Borispil, Ukraine September 1, 2026. REUTERS/Stringer
A resident Nataliia and her daughter Elia, 6, sit at a site of an apartment building damaged by a Russian missile strike, amid Russia's attack on Ukraine, in the town of Borispil, Ukraine September 1, 2026. REUTERS/Stringer

For much of the war, Russian drone and missile attacks in Kyiv followed a particular rhythm. They almost always came at night.

The warnings would begin on monitoring channels on Telegram in the late evening. They announced drones moving south, missiles being launched, air defenses working. Ukrainian civilians judged whether it was prudent to stay indoors or make for shelter in the metro based on the severity of the threat, The Associated Press said.

Now, Russia has changed tactics with the use of fast-flying, jet-powered drones, and the expectation that daylight brings a return to normal life has been shattered. Since last week, attacks have come day and night, compounding the terror of overnight strikes with the exhaustion of constant daytime disruption.

In Kyiv, the recurring wail of air-raid sirens has become part of daily life. It has interrupted commutes, shopping trips and children’s school, intruded on life’s biggest moments, from weddings to funerals, and, as these attacks always have, taken lives. The relentless alerts are exhausting residents, leaving some wondering how long they can stay.

Air raids are woven into the routine of daily life

An alert sounds. People look at their phones or up at the sky. Moments later, in the distance, the familiar sounds of air defenses intercepting drones resound.

Plumes of smoke can often be seen rising in the distance. Photos quickly spread across Telegram channels, showing where the destruction has occurred.

An hour or two later, another siren echoes.

In malls, banks and other businesses, air-raid protocols require customers and staff to leave when an alert sounds. A bank transaction can be interrupted midconversation; a shopping trip can become a cycle of entering a store, evacuating, returning and evacuating again.

Getting the shopping done has become a nightmare for Volodymyr Bovsunovskyi, who recounts a recent family trip to a mall to buy clothes for his nearly 4-year-old daughter. They had been inside for about 20 minutes when the alert sounded. They rushed out and saw smoke rising nearby.

They never got to purchase the clothes.

“A lot has changed in the last seven days,” he said. Like many residents, he hopes the attacks will relent. But, they have not yet, as Ukraine struggles to find an effective way to counter them.

Train journeys that would normally take a few hours have stretched much longer. In some cases, passengers have found themselves walking for hours through grassy fields after trains stopped on the tracks, carrying their belongings while one air-raid alert followed another.

The same uncertainty extends to getting around the city.

When GPS signals are disrupted to jam drones, using a taxi app becomes an absurd process. A car that appears to be nearby can suddenly appear to be on the other side of the world.

A pickup that seemed imminent suddenly shows an arrival time of thousands of minutes.

Life’s biggest moments are interrupted

One Kyiv couple went ahead with their wedding despite the sirens. On Wednesday morning, when Iryna Baranova, 38, returned home from hair and makeup to finish getting ready, explosions were sounding across the city.

“We heard two explosions, the alarm ended, we got together and went to the registration ceremony," she said, wearing a white satin gown with strands of pearls draped around her neck.

Afterward, she and Evhen Mytsyk walked hand in hand in a botanical garden in the city.

Mytsyk, 40, said the attacks did not diminish the day.

“If you wake up in the morning, you have to make the most of that day, because there might not be another chance," he said. "At a time like this, you appreciate life and the love of your family more, and you give love more openly yourself."

In the same garden, Tetyana Shevchenko meditated inside a small wooden gazebo modeled on a Buddhist prayer space. She has practiced for years, and she says it helps her remain calm even as air raids sound around her.

“When the air raids first started, we couldn’t stand the sound at all. It was very loud, disturbing, depressing," she said. "The body works in a way, it gets used to everything, including nighttime attacks, spending the night on the floor in the corridor, and insomnia.”

Meditation has also helped her stay calm as she navigates the tedium of bureaucracy, made even more difficult by the attacks.

Shevchenko has been trying to obtain documents to recover state funds owed to her mother, who died last year. While she waited in a long line for an appointment on a recent day, an air-raid alert sounded, causing her to miss her slot. She was sent to the back of the line and forced to start the process again.

“In this period of adjustments and grieving all of us are united, united in our suffering,” she said.

As she spoke, a siren blared. Moments later a thud was heard in the distance.

A week of relentless attacks has some considering leaving the city Ivan Datsiv, an IT worker, was in his apartment in Kyiv’s Podil district when a Russian drone tore through the floor on Tuesday, charring the ceilings and walls of his apartment and completely destroying the one next door.

Datsiv tries to joke about it, saying he had been meaning to repaint the walls anyway.

The alerts have become so frequent that he no longer sees the point of repeatedly going to a shelter. At this rate, he said, the only alternative would be to live in the basement.

“The alarms sound constantly,” he said. “You don’t even have time to go down and come back up. It’s just a waste of time running back and forth."

He is thinking of leaving Kyiv. “I’m thinking of living in another city, somewhere quiet and without this danger,” he said.

From the blown-out apartment next door, the view looks down onto a playground and basketball court where children are still playing.

Then a siren sounds again. Minutes later, the white zigzagging trail of an intercepted drone can be seen against the sky.

Bovsunovskyi is also considering leaving the city for a while, hoping to give his family — including his pregnant wife — a chance to rest.

The kindergarten his daughter attends must move the children to a shelter whenever an air-raid alert sounds. The alerts have become so frequent that he now simply picks her up halfway through the day.

“There is no stability,” he said.


US Study Tests Psilocybin to Fight Cancer Side Effects

A health worker from the community health center prepares a cervical cancer and rubella vaccination during the School Children Immunization Month (BIAS) program at a school  in Banda Aceh, Indonesia, 27 August 2026. EPA/HOTLI SIMANJUNTAK
A health worker from the community health center prepares a cervical cancer and rubella vaccination during the School Children Immunization Month (BIAS) program at a school in Banda Aceh, Indonesia, 27 August 2026. EPA/HOTLI SIMANJUNTAK
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US Study Tests Psilocybin to Fight Cancer Side Effects

A health worker from the community health center prepares a cervical cancer and rubella vaccination during the School Children Immunization Month (BIAS) program at a school  in Banda Aceh, Indonesia, 27 August 2026. EPA/HOTLI SIMANJUNTAK
A health worker from the community health center prepares a cervical cancer and rubella vaccination during the School Children Immunization Month (BIAS) program at a school in Banda Aceh, Indonesia, 27 August 2026. EPA/HOTLI SIMANJUNTAK

Here's a novel idea for countering the painful side effects of chemotherapy: beforehand, take the hallucinogenic drug found in magic mushrooms.

The study published Thursday in the journal Science involved tests on rats and certain human tissues as researchers looked at using psilocybin to fight a condition called peripheral neuropathy, which affects millions of people around the world.

It is a nerve ailment that hits about three quarters of all people who undergo chemo and commonly causes numbness and tingling, Patrick Dougherty, a co-author of the study, said in a call with reporters.

But a third of that group will develop non-stop, burning pain, said Dougherty, a pain treatment specialist at the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center.

The symptoms can lead to trouble walking and other debilitating complications that can last after a person finishes chemotherapy, and even remain with them for life, AFP reported.

And it is not just a quality-of-life issue. This complication also affects a cancer patient's chances of survival because sometimes the side effects are so bad they force doctors to cut back on chemo or stop it altogether.

It was almost by accident that these researchers found that psilocybin can help cancer patients.

The team was initially studying how the disease manages to hijack nerve cells in order to grow.

And the researchers were surprised to see the mushroom ingredient -- it was being used to study a brain pathway regeneration concept called neuroplasticity -- actually prevented the emergence of peripheral neuropathy.

Later experiments highlighted psilocybin's role in protecting nerve cells and stimulating inside them the transport of mitochondria, often referred to as a cell's powerhouse.

This is key because chemo destroys the microscopic railroads that allow mitochondria to send energy all the way to the tips of people's hands and feet, killing off nerve endings there.

Psilocybin also seems to act on the brain, preserving electrical activity that chemotherapy thwarts.

In rodents, taking two doses of psilocybin before chemo was enough to prevent the appearance of painful hypersensitivity during as many as six rounds of treatment. And it did this without affecting the animal's immune system or hindering the cancer-fighting action.

"This is a highly promising finding," said Kristy Townsend, a professor of neurobiology at The Ohio State University who was not involved in the study.

And psilocybin's nerve-protecting quality does not seem to be linked to its hallucinogenic effects because a non-hallucinogenic analogue had the same effect in a lab test, she added.

Before the treatment can be made standard for people, testing will be needed to see if it is safe and effective, said Townsend.

This will be a long, slow process though it should be eased by a boom in medical research on psychedelic substances and a Trump administration executive order in April to speed up research and regulatory reviews, these scientists say.

The MD Anderson Cancer Center plans to launch clinical tests with psilocybin on cancer patients later this year.

Meanwhile it is important for cancer patients to avoid using magic mushrooms on their own as treatment, the researchers warned.

Psilocybin is legal in a few US states.

The drug has an "amplifier" effect and cancer patients who take it without supervision could feel more stressed and anxious than they already are because of their cancer diagnosis, said Gregory Jones, a psychiatrist who took part in the study released Thursday.

"If you put somebody in adversity under these psychedelic substances, you can get much worse," Jones said.