علماء بريطانيون يحاولون فك لغز رأس مومياء مصرية

عُثر عليها في منزل بمقاطعة «كنت»

فحص رأس المومياء المصرية باستخدام الأشعة المقطعية  (مستشفى ميدستون البريطاني)
فحص رأس المومياء المصرية باستخدام الأشعة المقطعية (مستشفى ميدستون البريطاني)
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علماء بريطانيون يحاولون فك لغز رأس مومياء مصرية

فحص رأس المومياء المصرية باستخدام الأشعة المقطعية  (مستشفى ميدستون البريطاني)
فحص رأس المومياء المصرية باستخدام الأشعة المقطعية (مستشفى ميدستون البريطاني)

يحاول علماء بريطانيون حالياً فك لغز «رأس مومياء» مصرية قديمة عُثر عليها في أحد المنازل بمقاطعة كنت البريطانية، يرجح أنها لـ«سيدة»، ويعود تاريخها إلى نحو 2000 عام، حيث بدأت مستشفى «ميدستون» البريطانية إجراء فحوصات على الرأس الأثرية بواسطة الأشعة المقطعية، للكشف عن تاريخها، وأصولها.
ولا يعرف مصدر الرأس الأثرية حتى الآن، لكن من المرجح أنها وصلت إلى بريطانيا في القرن التاسع عشر، كهدية تذكارية، قبل أن تنقل لصاحبها الحالي في القرن العشرين، الذي أهداها في علبة زجاجية لتنضم إلى العرض المتحفي في متحف كانتربري، حسب بيان صحافي أصدره المستشفى، وتداولته الصحف البريطانية.
وأشارت صحف بريطانية إلى أن «الرأس الأثري اكتشف محفوظاً في علبة زجاجية داخل قبو، أثناء عملية جرد لمنزل رجل متوفى، في منطقة رامسجيت بمقاطعة كنت البريطانية، وورثها شقيق الرجل المتوفى الذي نقلها بدوره إلى متحف كانتربري».
وهنا يشير الدكتور بسام الشماع، أستاذ علم المصريات، إلى أنه «كان من المعتاد خلال القرن التاسع عشر خروج قطع أثرية مصرية في صورة هدايا تذكارية»، ويقول لـ«الشرق الأوسط»: «في تلك الفترة انتشرت مقولة لا تترك مصر دون ورقة بردي أو قطعة أثرية»، موضحاً أن «وجود الرأس مقطوعة بهذا الشكل ربما عائد لعامل الزمن، أو أنها قطعت خصيصاً لتقدم هدية تذكارية».
وترجح الفحوصات الأولية التي أجريت على رأس المومياء الأثرية بالأشعة السينية، في جامعة «كانتربري كريست تشيرش»، أن «الرأس يعود لأنثى بالغة»، وتُجرى حالياً فحوصات أخرى بالأشعة المقطعية لمعرفة تفاصيل أكثر عنه، وتشير النتائج الأولية للفحص إلى أن «المخ أُزيل من الرأس، إضافة إلى أن الأسنان بدت منحوتة، بسبب اتباع نظام غذائي قاسٍ، ويظهر اللسان علامات حفظ جيدة» حسب البيان.
وقال جيمس إليوت، كبير اختصاصي الأشعة في مستشفى «ميدستون»، والأستاذ في جامعة «كانتربري»، في البيان الصحافي، إن «الفحص سيوفر قدراً هائلاً من المعلومات عن حالة صاحبة الرأس، بدءاً من حالة الأسنان، والأمراض التي عانت منها، وطريقة الحفظ، إضافة إلى المساعدة في تقدير عمر صاحبة الرأس»، مشيراً إلى أنه «من المقرر استخدام بيانات المسح في إنشاء نسخة طبق الأصل ثلاثية الأبعاد للرأس، ومحاولة إعادة بناء الوجه للسماح بدراسة أكثر عمقاً».
ويضيف إليوت، الذي له دراية في علم الآثار، أن «التحنيط كان ممارسة شائعة في مصر القديمة، ومن خلال التكنولوجيا الحديثة يمكننا معرفة المزيد عن التقاليد المصرية في هذا المجال»، مشيراً إلى أنه «منذ عام 3500 قبل الميلاد، اعتبر التحنيط وسيلة للحفاظ على الروح في رحلتها للعالم الآخر، وكان المصريون يعتقدون أن عقل الشخص محتجز في القلب، لذلك لم تكن هناك أهمية للمخ الذي كان يُزال للمساعدة في الحفظ والتحنيط».
بدوره يوضح الشماع أن «إزالة المخ تدل على أن صاحبة المومياء كانت ثرية، فهذه العملية كانت إحدى العمليات الدقيقة التي تتم في التحنيط للحفاظ على المومياء»، لافتاً إلى أن «أكثر ما لفت انتباهه هو تحنيط اللسان ليبدو بحالة جيدة من الحفظ وفقاً لما ذكره العلماء البريطانيون، وهو أمر يحتاج إلى دراسة».
ويستعد متحف «كانتربري» لعرض الرأس للجمهور، حسب كريغ بوين، مدير مجموعات العرض في المتحف، الذي قال في البيان الصحافي: إن «إجراء الفحوصات بالأشعة المقطعية على رأس المومياء، هو جزء من مشروع للحفاظ عليه، تمهيداً لعرضه للجمهور العام».



2 More Beluga Whales Die at Chicago Aquarium, Including 1 Recently Rescued from Canada

This photo provided by the Shedd Aquarium shows a beluga whale named Beethoven swimming on May 1, 2023, at the aquarium in Chicago. (Heidi Zeiger/Shedd Aquarium via AP)
This photo provided by the Shedd Aquarium shows a beluga whale named Beethoven swimming on May 1, 2023, at the aquarium in Chicago. (Heidi Zeiger/Shedd Aquarium via AP)
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2 More Beluga Whales Die at Chicago Aquarium, Including 1 Recently Rescued from Canada

This photo provided by the Shedd Aquarium shows a beluga whale named Beethoven swimming on May 1, 2023, at the aquarium in Chicago. (Heidi Zeiger/Shedd Aquarium via AP)
This photo provided by the Shedd Aquarium shows a beluga whale named Beethoven swimming on May 1, 2023, at the aquarium in Chicago. (Heidi Zeiger/Shedd Aquarium via AP)

Two more beluga whales have died at Chicago's Shedd Aquarium, including one that was rehomed at the facility just weeks earlier as part of an international effort to rescue Canada's last captive whales, the aquarium announced Wednesday.

Rain, a 20-year-old female, was the second to die out of a group of four whales that were moved to the Chicago aquarium in mid-August from a shuttered water park in Ontario. A whale named Peekachu died last week as caretakers tried to revitalize it.

The third whale to die, a 34-year-old male named Beethoven, had lived at Shedd Aquarium for decades, the aquarium said in an announcement.

The aquarium did not indicate the cause of the whales’ deaths in its announcement. “Necropsies, blood tests and additional exams” of their bodies are in process, The Associated Press quoted it as saying.

“These deaths were unexpected and there is still much we do not know about what led to them," officials said in the statement.

Shedd Aquarium accepted 10 beluga whales as part of the mission to rescue 30 of them and four dolphins at Marineland, a water park in Ontario that closed its doors years ago and lost the ability to care for the animals. The Chicago aquarium announced Tuesday it welcomed the last two of those 10 — young males named Gimli and Yukon — from the Canadian park.

Twenty whales — 19 belugas and one killer whale — had died at Marineland since 2019, according to provincial government data obtained through Freedom-of-Information laws and official statements.

Officials at Shedd Aquarium previously told The Associated Press that moving the beluga whales was a complex, meticulously monitored process. The whales were hoisted in custom-made slings and held in temperature-controlled containers. Since they arrived, their health and behavior have been monitored on a minute-to-minute basis, they said.

Canadian Minister of Fisheries Joanne Thompson said she was “saddened” to hear of Rain's death. Canada's government “has taken reasonable steps to ensure the safe rescue of the whales,” she said in a statement to AP.

“My thoughts are with the care staff who worked tirelessly to support Rain and the other belugas.”

Georgia Aquarium, SeaWorld locations in San Diego and San Antonio, and Oceanogràfic Valencia in Spain are also taking in the animals rescued from Marineland.

The two beluga whales rehomed at Georgia Aquarium are “settling in nicely,” although it will take months before they are fully adjusted, the aquarium said in an email to AP. Most of the rescued whales in SeaWorld's care are in stable condition, although a handful are “eating less consistently than usual,” according to AnneMarie Iturrizaga, a spokesperson for the company that owns SeaWorld.


UN Investigators Urge Iran to Withdraw Bill Punishing Foreign Contact

Iranians walk along a street in Tehran on September 2, 2026. (AFP)
Iranians walk along a street in Tehran on September 2, 2026. (AFP)
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UN Investigators Urge Iran to Withdraw Bill Punishing Foreign Contact

Iranians walk along a street in Tehran on September 2, 2026. (AFP)
Iranians walk along a street in Tehran on September 2, 2026. (AFP)

A team of United Nations investigators called on Iran Thursday to immediately withdraw draft legislation that could lead to decades-long prison sentences for simply communicating with foreign persons or entities.

The UN's Independent International Fact-Finding Mission on Iran said it was "appalled" by the bill currently before the Iranian parliament, warning that it constituted "a dangerous escalation in suppressing fundamental freedoms and isolating Iranians from the international community".

The text has yet to be finalized, but the draft says "any activity or communication by natural or legal persons, whether Iranian or foreign, that undermines independence, national unity, Islamic standards, or national sovereignty" would be prohibited.

The draft legislation is aimed at protecting "the independence, sovereignty, national unity, and cultural identity" of Iran, it says.

The UN investigators warned in a statement that this meant any alleged interaction "with designated foreign states, media outlets, academic institutions, human rights defenders and civil society groups could be prosecuted as major security offenses".

With discussions still underway in Iran's parliament, it was not clear how long sentences could be, but the investigators said journalists, academics, activists and others could face up to 30 years behind bars for communicating with foreign entities.

The fact-finding mission, which does not speak on behalf of the United Nations, pointed out that the "broad and vaguely worded bill" would require Iranians to declare and register all "activities with foreign agents or foreign nationals".

They could then face criminal prosecution if they failed to obtain prior approval for activities like publishing books and articles, operating newspapers, sharing data and engaging in academic cooperation, the investigators warned.

Economic, commercial and financial activities, including money transfers or providing goods and services, would also be subject to approval, they said.

"We are appalled at the steps by the government of Iran to subject everyday Iranians to blanket criminalization for any contact with the outside world," mission chief Sara Hossain said in the statement.

Abbas Golro, head of the Iranian parliament's foreign affairs committee, told local news agency Mehr on Thursday that the bill aims to "protect Iranian citizens against any foreign influence".

"There is no cause for concern regarding this bill, and in my view, the criticism leveled against it stems from an insufficient understanding of its provisions," he said.

The three-person fact-finding mission was set up by the UN Human Rights Council in November 2022, following Iran's crackdown on a wave of protests sparked by the death in custody of an Iranian Kurdish woman named Mahsa Amini.


Indonesia Rescues Orangutan Mother and Baby from Wildfire Haze

A mother-and-baby orangutan pair named Raya and Rayu are evacuated by officials from the Natural Resources Conservation Agency (BKSDA), Indonesian military and the Orangutan Foundation International (OFI) due to forest and land fires in East Kotawaringin, Central Kalimantan, on September 2, 2026. (Photo by REINA / AFP)
A mother-and-baby orangutan pair named Raya and Rayu are evacuated by officials from the Natural Resources Conservation Agency (BKSDA), Indonesian military and the Orangutan Foundation International (OFI) due to forest and land fires in East Kotawaringin, Central Kalimantan, on September 2, 2026. (Photo by REINA / AFP)
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Indonesia Rescues Orangutan Mother and Baby from Wildfire Haze

A mother-and-baby orangutan pair named Raya and Rayu are evacuated by officials from the Natural Resources Conservation Agency (BKSDA), Indonesian military and the Orangutan Foundation International (OFI) due to forest and land fires in East Kotawaringin, Central Kalimantan, on September 2, 2026. (Photo by REINA / AFP)
A mother-and-baby orangutan pair named Raya and Rayu are evacuated by officials from the Natural Resources Conservation Agency (BKSDA), Indonesian military and the Orangutan Foundation International (OFI) due to forest and land fires in East Kotawaringin, Central Kalimantan, on September 2, 2026. (Photo by REINA / AFP)

Indonesian authorities rescued a mother orangutan and her baby from wildfire smoke on the island of Borneo, officials said Thursday.

The vast archipelago has been battling for weeks to contain wildfires that have left thick smog blanketing parts of Borneo and Sumatra, with haze also drifting across the border to Malaysia, Singapore and the Philippines.

Acting on a tip-off, conservation officials located the orangutan on Wednesday in Central Kalimantan province after it was spotted clinging to the top of a tree, local conservation agency official Muriansyah told AFP on Thursday.

The animal was surrounded by haze rising from nearby burned peatland, prompting officials to evacuate it immediately.

"If we don't carry out the rescue, I was concerned for (the safety) of the orangutan," Muriansyah, who like many Indonesians goes by one name, said, citing the potential health risks posed by the smog.

During the operation, rescuers discovered the orangutan was carrying a baby.

Officials named the mother, estimated to be 20 years old, Raya after a nearby street where she was found, and her one-year-old daughter, Rayu, Muriansyah added.

He said recently burned terrain and darkness added to the complexity of the nighttime rescue operation.

A preliminary veterinary check-up found the orangutans were not injured, and that they had not been seriously affected by the smoke, Muriansyah said.

The orangutans were then transported to a clinic for observation, said Heriyanto, a Central Kalimantan province natural resources and conservation agency official.

"If they are healthy and can be released into the wild immediately, they will be released," Heriyanto told AFP.

Authorities in West Kalimantan rescued at least seven orangutans from wildfire-affected areas last month.

Among them was an orangutan named Sampurna, which was rescued on August 30 amid thick smoke from the fires, according to a statement from the local conservation agency.

A 2016 government survey estimated the orangutan population on Borneo to be around 57,000.