دراسة: كان لحيوان الباندا «إبهامان» لملايين السنين

يعزز هذا الإبهام الزائف الأصابع الخمسة الموجودة حالياً في يد الباندا (أ.ب)
يعزز هذا الإبهام الزائف الأصابع الخمسة الموجودة حالياً في يد الباندا (أ.ب)
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دراسة: كان لحيوان الباندا «إبهامان» لملايين السنين

يعزز هذا الإبهام الزائف الأصابع الخمسة الموجودة حالياً في يد الباندا (أ.ب)
يعزز هذا الإبهام الزائف الأصابع الخمسة الموجودة حالياً في يد الباندا (أ.ب)

ساعدت حفريات استُخرجت في الصين العلماء في تكوين فهم أفضل لإحدى عجائب التطور: الإبهام الزائف لحيوان الباندا العملاق، الذي يساعد هذا الدب المحب للعشب على التهام الخيزران الذي يشكل معظم نظامه الغذائي.
قال الباحثون إنهم اكتشفوا قرب مدينة تشاو تونغ في إقليم يونان الشمالي حفريات تعود لنحو ستة ملايين عام لباندا منقرض يسمى إيلوراركتوس، حملت أقدم دليل معروف على هذا الإصبع الإضافي - والذي كان في حقيقة الأمر عبارة عن عظمة رسغ كبيرة تسمى العظمة السمسمية، لأنها تشبه بذور السمسم.
وهي تشبه إلى حد بعيد الإبهام الزائف لحيوان الباندا الحالي، لكنها أطول قليلاً وتفتقر للمخلب الداخلي الموجود في نهاية يد الأنواع الحالية والذي يساعدها في التعامل مع عيدان الخيزران وبراعمها وجذورها أثناء التهامها.
ويعزز هذا الإبهام الزائف الأصابع الخمسة الموجودة حاليا في يد الباندا. فيد الدب تفتقر إلى الإبهام المعاكس لدى البشر والرئيسيات المختلفة والذي يمكن من الإمساك بالأشياء والتعامل معاً باستخدام الأصابع. ويؤدي الإبهام الزائف وظيفة مماثلة كما أوضحت وكالة رويترز.
وقال شياومينغ وانغ عالم الحفريات بمتحف التاريخ الطبيعي في مقاطعة لوس أنجليس والمعد الرئيسي للبحث المنشور في المجلة (ساينتيفيك ريبورتس): «إنه يستخدم الإبهام الزائف كإبهام معاكس غير مكتمل النمو للإمساك بالخيزران، وهو ما يشبه إبهامنا غير أنه في الرسغ وأقصر كثيراً من إبهام الإنسان».
وإيلوراركتوس هو من أسلاف حيوان الباندا الحالي، لكن أصغر وإن كان ذا سمات تشريحية تشير إلى نمط حياة مماثل يشمل نظاماً غذائياً يقوم على الخيزران.
وعثر الباحثون في بادئ الأمر على عظمة ذراع باندا الإيلوراركتوس عام 2010، ثم اكتشفوا الأسنان والإبهام الزائف في عام 2015، ما منحهم فهماً أفضل للحيوان. وحتى الآن، يرجع أقدم دليل معروف على هذا الهيكل الشبيه بالإبهام إلى حفريات من نحو 49 ألفاً إلى 102 ألف سنة مضت في نفس أنواع الباندا الموجودة اليوم.
والباندا، أحد أنواع الدببة الثمانية في العالم، وكانت تسكن ذات يوم مساحات شاسعة من آسيا. وتعيش الآن بشكل أساسي في الغابات المعتدلة في جبال جنوب غربي الصين، ويقدر عددها في البرية بأقل من 2000.


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Stella McCartney Spotlights Climate Crisis with Ocean-Inspired Paris Runway Show

 A model presents a creation by designer Stella McCartney as part of her Spring/Summer 2027 Women's ready-to-wear collection show during Paris Fashion Week in Paris, France, September 30, 2026. (Reuters)
A model presents a creation by designer Stella McCartney as part of her Spring/Summer 2027 Women's ready-to-wear collection show during Paris Fashion Week in Paris, France, September 30, 2026. (Reuters)
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Stella McCartney Spotlights Climate Crisis with Ocean-Inspired Paris Runway Show

 A model presents a creation by designer Stella McCartney as part of her Spring/Summer 2027 Women's ready-to-wear collection show during Paris Fashion Week in Paris, France, September 30, 2026. (Reuters)
A model presents a creation by designer Stella McCartney as part of her Spring/Summer 2027 Women's ready-to-wear collection show during Paris Fashion Week in Paris, France, September 30, 2026. (Reuters)

Stella ‌McCartney put a spotlight on the impact of overfishing and climate change on the oceans in her Paris runway show on Wednesday, unveiling a Spring/Summer 2027 collection of floaty fabrics, bubble hems and wave motifs.

Killer whales, sharks and dolphins featured on several looks, while models carried transparent handbags with sea creatures such as a starfish inside.

"The fishing industry is stealth, it's war, we're at war with the ocean, we're at war with the creatures that live ‌in there," McCartney, a ‌vegetarian, said after the show, adding that ‌she ⁠wanted people to ⁠ask themselves: "Sea life or seafood — what's my choice?"

McCartney's eponymous brand is known for using no leather, unlike most luxury labels, and for investing in more sustainably produced cotton, wool and other materials. Her handbags are made with leather alternatives produced from mushrooms or grape byproducts sourced from vineyards.

In ⁠the leafy gardens of the British ‌ambassador's residence, the show started with ‌a voiceover from British natural historian and broadcaster David Attenborough ‌saying: "We must open our eyes to what is happening ‌right now below the waves - we have drained the life from our ocean."

Models strode down a white runway in low-rise trousers with raised waves embroidered on the hips, tops with voluminous bubble ‌hems, and fluid, sheer blazers and shirts. The color palette also evoked ocean life ⁠with dresses ⁠in aqua and bright blue, and a coral trench coat.

McCartney, who bought her brand back from luxury giant LVMH at the start of last year, called on big luxury brands to invest in scaling up more sustainable materials like organic cotton or lab-grown wool.

"I think they all have good intentions, I just know that it would help me and smaller brands trying to come up and trying to work in this way, if the big brands just accepted a new way of working and a new supply chain," she said.


Guardiola Backs Man City After Bombshell Guilty Verdicts

Football - Premier League - Manchester City v West Ham United - Etihad Stadium, Manchester, Britain - May 19, 2024 Manchester City manager Pep Guardiola celebrates with the trophy after winning the Premier League. (Action Images via Reuters)
Football - Premier League - Manchester City v West Ham United - Etihad Stadium, Manchester, Britain - May 19, 2024 Manchester City manager Pep Guardiola celebrates with the trophy after winning the Premier League. (Action Images via Reuters)
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Guardiola Backs Man City After Bombshell Guilty Verdicts

Football - Premier League - Manchester City v West Ham United - Etihad Stadium, Manchester, Britain - May 19, 2024 Manchester City manager Pep Guardiola celebrates with the trophy after winning the Premier League. (Action Images via Reuters)
Football - Premier League - Manchester City v West Ham United - Etihad Stadium, Manchester, Britain - May 19, 2024 Manchester City manager Pep Guardiola celebrates with the trophy after winning the Premier League. (Action Images via Reuters)

Former Manchester City manager Pep Guardiola threw his weight behind the club on Wednesday after a bombshell verdict on Premier League financial rule breaches plunged their future into serious doubt.

The former boss broke his silence 24 hours after it was announced that the club had been found guilty of more than 100 breaches of financial rules in the world's richest domestic league.

Premier League chief executive Richard Masters described the disciplinary case and the decision by an independent commission as the "most significant in Premier League history".

He said City "systematically broke Premier League rules for nearly a decade", adding that the league was committed to a swift resolution.

The likely punishment is uncertain but, according to Premier League rules, City could face a substantial points deduction, a fine or even expulsion from the top division.

The 10-time English champions, who continue to deny any wrongdoing, have vowed to appeal and have until Friday to do so.

Guardiola, who was a vocal supporter of the club over the issue before leaving the Etihad in May, broke his silence in a post on X.

"I want every single @ManCity fan to know I am here, more than ever," said the Spaniard, who won six Premier League titles and the Champions League in a golden decade at the helm.

"I am, always have been, always will be, behind my club, my owner, my chairman, (CEO) Ferran (Soriano), the players, staff, (manager) Enzo (Maresca) and you, our unique supporters.

"Let me be clear: we will get through this together. I love you all."

- 'Significant breach' -

British Prime Minister Andy Burnham said he did not want to see the club's Emirati owners walk away as a result of the case.

"I would be really concerned to lose them," he told the BBC, highlighting the investment the Abu Dhabi United Group had made in Manchester, where Burnham was mayor until June.

But English football's independent regulator, David Kogan, said that his body has the power to assess the suitability of club owners and executives "where appropriate", when there is "clear evidence of wrongdoing by individuals".

The Premier League, which first charged City in 2023, announced the findings of the commission on Tuesday.

The commission found City arranged "sham" deals to artificially inflate revenues and reduce costs by more than £900 million ($1.2 billion) between 2009 and 2018, a period in which they won three Premier League titles and other silverware.

In doing so, they concealed the true state of their finances but the commission said that the club were "significantly in breach of both the Premier League's and UEFA's spending limits".

The commission found the club guilty on all charges related to breaches of financial rules over the nine-year period.

They have also been found guilty of most of the charges they faced in relation to a failure to cooperate with a Premier League investigation.

Sky Sports reported that City's stadium and shirt sponsor Etihad has categorically denied any implication the Emirati airline has been involved in improper commercial arrangements and threatened to take legal action against the Premier League.

- Punishment -

Everton and Nottingham Forest were given points deductions in the 2023/24 season for single breaches of financial sustainability rules.

On that basis, City could face relegation given the sheer weight of the case against them.

There is speculation they could even be stripped of their titles.

"If the appeal fails, Manchester City cannot stay in the league, they have to suffer. And I say that as a supporter and a fan," said the club's former chairman, David Bernstein.

Former City defender Micah Richards, who was part of the side that won the club's first top-flight league title for 44 years in 2012, said the uncertainty was "heartbreaking".

"I achieved my dream at Manchester City, but then to hear these reports, and not only me as an ex-player, but the fans, what they have to go through, absolutely devastating," Richards said on The Rest is Football podcast.

City have become the Premier League's dominant force since the 2008 takeover by Sheikh Mansour, the vice-president and deputy prime minister of the United Arab Emirates.

The team are next in action against Liverpool at Anfield on October 11, where they will take on the club who have been their closest challengers over the past decade.


Etihad to Seek Legal Advice After Premier League’s Man City Findings

An aerial view shows the Etihad Stadium, the home ground of Manchester City football club, in Manchester, northwest England on September 30, 2026. (AFP)
An aerial view shows the Etihad Stadium, the home ground of Manchester City football club, in Manchester, northwest England on September 30, 2026. (AFP)
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Etihad to Seek Legal Advice After Premier League’s Man City Findings

An aerial view shows the Etihad Stadium, the home ground of Manchester City football club, in Manchester, northwest England on September 30, 2026. (AFP)
An aerial view shows the Etihad Stadium, the home ground of Manchester City football club, in Manchester, northwest England on September 30, 2026. (AFP)

Abu ‌Dhabi-based airline Etihad Airways said on Wednesday it was seeking legal advice on its options after criticizing the Premier League’s handling of an independent commission's findings against Manchester City.

The Premier League said on Tuesday that City had used "sham" commercial contracts as part of schemes to inflate revenue and understate costs by more than £900 million ($1.2 billion) over nearly a decade.

Etihad, City's principal sponsor since 2009, ‌said it "categorically rejects ‌any finding, conclusion or implication" ‌that ⁠it was involved ⁠in improper commercial arrangements.

In a statement, the airline said the league never contacted or consulted it during the commission process and gave it no opportunity to provide information or challenge material that may have reflected adversely on the company.

"Etihad is ⁠deeply concerned by the way this ‌matter has been communicated ‌publicly," the statement said. "The lack of clarity and transparency, together ‌with the selective disclosure of information, has ‌created damaging implications for Etihad despite the airline not being named in the published decision."

City have denied any wrongdoing and said they intend to appeal.

A Premier League ‌spokesperson said on Wednesday they would not be commenting on the Etihad ⁠statement.

Etihad added ⁠that the Premier League's public communication of the findings, following what it described as selective leaks and reporting, had harmed its reputation.

While reaffirming its support for Manchester City and its longstanding partnership with the club, the airline said it was seeking legal advice on the options available to protect its interests.

"We stand with the club, its supporters and our wider Etihad community as Manchester City challenges the commission's conclusions through the processes available to it," the statement said.